ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ
ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ

ื›ืžื” ื›ืกืฃ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—

ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœืื—ื“ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ. ื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ื—ื•ืง ืžืงื ื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื›ืœื™ื ืคืจืงื˜ื™ื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ื. ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ืžืจืชืงืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ืฉื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืขืช ื•ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช, ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ืžื” ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—. ืชื•ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื”? ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื”ื‘ื.

 

ืื™ืœื• ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื™ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™?

ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“, ืขืœื™ื• ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื. ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืจืง ืžื™ ืฉืœืžื“ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ ืืงื“ืžืื™ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ื•, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื“ื™ืŸ. ืคืจื˜ ืœืกื™ื•ื ื”ืชื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื”, ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ืงื•ืง ื’ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืœืฉื›ืช ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ. ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืฆืขื™ืจ ืฉื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื•, ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ืฉืœื• ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื•ืืช ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื. ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื• ืœื”ืฉืชื›ืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ ืืงื“ืžืื™ ื ื—ืฉื‘, ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ ืื• ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื.

 

ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืฉื›ื™ืจ

ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื, ืื• ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื ืชื—ืช ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืžืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื›ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืœื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืžื•ืš. ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ืฉืœ 6,000 ืฉืงืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืฉื›ืจ ืฉื ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ 6,000 ืœ-7,000 ืฉืงืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช, ื”ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ืขื•ืœื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืฉื•ื•ืขื™ื ืœืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื•ืžื ื™ื ืฉืžืกืคืงื™ื ืงื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืขื•ืช ืื• ื–ื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื.

 

ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืขืฆืžืื™

ืœื ื›ืœ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ืฉื›ื™ืจ. ื™ืฉื ื ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืœืคืชื•ื— ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื, ื’ื ืื ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ืžื•ืขื˜. ื›ืืฉืจ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืขืฆืžืื™, ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืชื ืื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื›ืขืฆืžืื™, ืขื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืžืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืื™ืœื• ืชื™ืงื™ื ืœืงื—ืช. ื”ื—ื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืช, ืืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื ื›ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ. ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฉื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืžืฉืœ ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื™ื”ื ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื.

 

ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืชืง

ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ืžืงื•ื“ื, ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื•ืชืง ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื’ื ืืฆืœ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ื™ื. ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืชืง ืฉื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื, ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ 15,000 ืขื“ 35,000 ืฉืงืœื™ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื.

 

ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ

ืื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืฉืžืขื™ืช ืœืฉืืœืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืฉืœ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™. ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืžืงืกื ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืฉืœื•. ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช. ืžื™ ืฉื™ืชืžื™ื“ ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฉื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช.

ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืžืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™

ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืš ื’ื

ื”ืืฉืžื” ื‘ืคืœื™ืœื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืžื•ืจ. ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืืชื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจ, ืขืฆื ื”ืืฉืžื” ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ื–ืžื ืชื ืœื—ืงื™ืจื” ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจื”, ืืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฆื™ื“ื›ื. ืžื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ืฉื™ื™ืขืฅ ืœื›ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืคืขื•ืœ, ื™ืœื•ื•ื” ืืชื›ื ื•ื™ืขืฉื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื“ืจืฉ ืฉื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื›ื ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจ. ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืืฉืžื” ื‘ืคืœื™ืœื™ื ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข, ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืžื—ื•ืœืง ืœืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื. ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื•ื“ื™ืŸ ืื–ืจื—ื™. ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืื“ื, ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืื• ืœื”ื™ืคืš. ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ื™ื, ื ื–ื™ืงื™ืŸ ื•ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื ืžื•ืฆืืช ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ื”ื. ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื›ืกืคื™. ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœืงื—ืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื” ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื•ืœื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื“ ื‘ืžืขืฉื”. ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืจืฆื—, ืืœื™ืžื•ืช, ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื™ืŸ, ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื›ื•ืฉ, ืฆื•ื•ืืจื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืŸ, ืกืžื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“. ืืœื• ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื ืคื’ืข ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืคื•ืฉืขืช ืžืฆื“ ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ืื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื. ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื™ืฉื ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืจืื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื’ืฉืช ื›ืชื‘ ืื™ืฉื•ื, ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื•. ืžื“ื•ืข ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืชืคื ื• ืžื™ื“ ืœืขื•"ื“ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ืื ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืฉืืชื ื—ืฉื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื ืืฉืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืคืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช, ืžื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืจืžื”, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืขืœื™ื›ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืœ ืขื•"ื“ ืคืœื™ืœื™. ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืืชื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ื—ืคื•ืชื›ื ืื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื™ื‘ื›ื ืฉืชื•ืš ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืชื‘ืจืจ ื•ืชืชื’ืœื” ื”ื˜ืขื•ืช. ื™ืฉื ืŸ 4 ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืข ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืชืคื ื• ืžื™ื“ ืœืขื•"ื“ ืคืœื™ืœื™: ืกื™ื‘ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” โ€“ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื, ื—ืฉื•ื“ ืื• ื ืืฉื, ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืื• ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœื•. ืขื•"ื“ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื™ืœื• ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื•ืžื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืงืจื”. ืื“ื ืฉืœื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•, ื™ืชืงืฉื” ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื•ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•. ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ื™ื” โ€“ ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืื“ื ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืžืฉื˜ืจืชื™ืช ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื ืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’. ืขื•"ื“ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื™ื“ืข ืœื™ื™ืขืฅ ืœื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืœื ืœื”ืคืœื™ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื• ืื—ืจ ื›ืš. ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืš ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืœื”ืœื™ืš ื•ืœื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื• ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ื—ืคื•ืชื•. ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช โ€“ ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื”ื•ื’ ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืฉื™ืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืื• ื‘ืขืกืง, ื›ืš ื ื”ื•ื’ ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•"ื“ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืชื—ืช ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืื• ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืื—ืจ. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื™ืฉ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืœืงื•ื— ืฉืœื• ืžื•ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœืกืคืง ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื. ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื. ืกื™ื‘ื” ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช โ€“ ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ืœืงื•ื— ื•ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜
ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™
ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืฉ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ ืœืขื•"ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ื•ืืฉืžืชื ื‘ืคืœื™ืœื™ื

ื”ืืฉืžื” ื‘ืคืœื™ืœื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืžื•ืจ. ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืืชื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจ, ืขืฆื ื”ืืฉืžื” ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ื–ืžื ืชื ืœื—ืงื™ืจื” ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจื”, ืืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“ ยป
ื ืืฉื ื‘ืคืœื™ืœื™ื ื•ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜
ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™
ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืœืคื ื™ ื—ืงื™ืจื”: ืื™ืš ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ืžื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืš

ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืžืฉื˜ืจืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืขื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื“ื™ื. ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ืงืชื ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืืžืช. ืžื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื™ื“ืข ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื, ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื•

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“ ยป
ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™
ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืื—ืจื™ – ืื™ืš ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ?

ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืืชื ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื›ื•ืฉ. ืฉื™ื— ืขืจ ื–ื” ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื›ื ืจืื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืกื“ืจื” ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช ืฉืขืœืชื”

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“ ยป
ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™
ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™
3 ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ืขื•"ื“ ืคืœื™ืœื™

ืœื ืคืขื ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืขืœ ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื˜ืขื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื•ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ืฉืœื ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืžืกืคื™ืง. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืืžื ื

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“ ยป
ืžืื–ื ื™ื™ื
ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™?

ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืืœ ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•, ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื• ื•ื”ืจืงืข ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™. ืื‘ืœ ืœืฆื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื™ืฉ

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“ ยป
ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™
ืื™ืš ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ?

ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื›ื•ืœืœ ืชื—ืชื™ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉื ืคืชื—ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื•ืช ืื“ื™ืจื”. ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืจืฆื—,

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“ ยป
ืชืžืจื•ืจ
ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™
ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื’ื“ื•ืœ? ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื—ื• ืœืงื—ืช ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื ื“ืœืŸ

ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื•ืืฉื ื‘ื”ื˜ืจื“ื” ืžื™ื ื™ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืื™ืฉื” ื–ื• ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ื ื•ืจืื™ืช. ืื•ืžื ื ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื—ืกืจื™ื ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืชื•ืงืคื™ื ื ืฉื™ื ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ, ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืืš

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“ ยป
ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™
ื”ื•ืืฉืžืชื ื‘ื”ืขืœืžืช ืžืก? ืืœ ืชื“ื—ื• ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ

ย ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืžื™ืกื™ื ื”ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืงื˜ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”, ืื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ. ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืง ืงื•ื‘ืข ื‘ืฆื•ืจื”

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“ ยป
ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™
ื”ืขืœืžื•ืช ืžืก

ื”ืขืœืžื•ืช ืžืก ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื“ืจื›ื™ื, ืื•ืœื ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืชื’ืœื•ืช โ€“ ืืชื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืคืชื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ืš ืคืœื™ืœื™. ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืขืœืžื•ืช ืžืก, ื‘ืžืืžืจ

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“ ยป
ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืจืืฉื™ืช
ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™
ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ โ€“ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื•

ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ืœื™ โ€“ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื™ื•ื ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžืชื”ืคื›ื™ื ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื”

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“ ยป