ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ
ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ

ื›ืžื” ืขื•ืœื” ืขื•ืดื“ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžืจื›ื–?

ืœื›ืœ ืขื•ืดื“ ืงื™ื™ื ืฉื›ืจ ื˜ืจื—ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ื•, ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื˜ืจื—ื” ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื™ืง ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชื™ืง. ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืดื“ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื™ืง ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืขืกืงื” ืฉืชืฉืจืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ืฉืœื ื•. ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื”ื‘ื ื ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืื™ืš ื ืงื‘ืขืช ืขืœื•ืช ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื˜ืจื—ื”, ืžื”ื ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื, ืื™ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื•ืขื•ื“.

 

ืื™ืš ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืดื“ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ?

ืขื•ืดื“ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืžื›ื ืืช ื”ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื ืจืื” ืœื• ืœื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื›ื ื•ื™ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื”ื ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื• ืœืœืงื™ื—ืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืคื•ื ื™ื ืœืขื•ืดื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชื™ืง ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื™ื›ื™ื ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืืœื™ื”.

ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืขื•ืดื“ ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืžื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ืขื•ืดื“ ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืื—ื•ื– ืงื‘ื•ืข ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช/ ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ/ ื“ืžื™ ื”ืขื–ื‘ื•ืŸ.

 

ืžื”ื ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืดื“ ื‘ืžืจื›ื–?

ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืžื—ื™ืจ ืื—ื™ื“ ืื• ื˜ื‘ืœืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœืคื™ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœื›ืช. ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื™ืฉ ืžื—ื™ืจ ืื—ื™ื“ ืืš ืœื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ. ื”ืกื›ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื’, ืœื•ื•ืชืง, ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช, ืกื•ื’ ื”ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืฉื™ืฆื™ืขื• ื•ืื–ื•ืจ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช. ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืžืฉืจื“ ืขื•ืดื“ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื™ื’ื‘ื” 1000 ืฉืดื— ื•ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื‘ื’ื‘ืขืชื™ื™ื ื™ื’ื‘ื” 800 ืฉืดื—.

 

ืžื” ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื˜ืจื—ื”?

ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ืืฉืจ ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื˜ืจื—ื”. ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื- ืขืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ืื—ื•ื– ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืขื•ืดื“ ืžื ื•ืกื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื’ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื’ ื”ืชื™ืง- ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื‘ื•ื“ื“ืช ืœืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืื• ื’ื ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืกื›ื ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ, ื”ืกื›ื ืžืžื•ืŸ ื•ืขื•ื“, ื›ืœ ืืœื• ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืกื•ืคื™. ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืœื™ื•ื•ื™, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืชื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื ืžืฉืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื›ืš ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ื˜ืจื—ื” ื™ืขืœื”.

 

ืื™ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื‘ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช?

ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืดื“ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืขื“ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ื ื•ืืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืชืจืฆื• ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื‘ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ืดื“ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืชื–ื›ืจื• ื›ื™ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ื™ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื›ื ื•ืขืœ ืขืชื™ื“ื›ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื•ืœื›ืš ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื ืœื”ืงืœ ืจืืฉ ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ืฉืชื‘ื—ืจื•.

 

ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืขื•ืดื“ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืจื›ื–

ืขื•ืดื“ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืขื•ืดื“ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ ืชื™ืง ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชื™ืง. ืฉืขืช ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืชืขืœื” 300-500 โ‚ช , ืคื’ื™ืฉืช ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ 500-1000 โ‚ช, ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืœื™ืš ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ 25,000-130,000 โ‚ช, ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื‘ื•ื“ื“ืช 8000-30,000 โ‚ช.

ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืดื“ ืฉื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ื—ืจื• ืืช ืขื•ืดื“ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•, ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื• ื•ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื˜ืจื—ื” ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื›ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช.

ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ

ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืš ื’ื

ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ โ€“ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื”ืŸ
ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ
ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ โ€“ ื•ืื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื”ืŸ

ื”ืœื™ืš ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืงื•ืฉื™ ื”ืจื’ืฉื™, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื’ื ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘, ืืฉืจ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ,

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“ ยป
ืื™ืš ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ โ€“ ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืฉืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื” ื‘ืืžืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง
ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ
ืื™ืš ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ โ€“ ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืฉืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื” ื‘ืืžืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง

ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื”ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื•ืจื’ืฉื™ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืœื•ื•ื” ืืชื›ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืชืงื‘ืœื•. ืขื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื‘ื—ืจื• ื™ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“ ยป
ืกื•ืฃ ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืชื—ื™ืœื” - ืœืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ
ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ
ืกื•ืฃ ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืชื—ื™ืœื” – ืœืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ

ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ืฉืœื ืœืคืชื•ื— ืชื™ืง ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื“ื™ ื•ืœืœื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช. ืฉื›ืŸ, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฆืจื™ืš ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ. ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื–ื” ื™ืจื›ื– ืืช ื”ืื™ื ืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ื”ืขื“ื›ื ื™ืช

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“ ยป
ื™ื“ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ
ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ
ืื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”: ื›ืœื™ื, ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ื•ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช

ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช. ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ืชื’ืจืฉ ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื: ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช, ื“ืจืš ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื•ืขื“ ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“ ยป
ืื ื•ืชื™ื ื•ืง
ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ
ืžืฉืžื•ืจืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช

ืžืฉืžื•ืจืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืฉื”ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื‘ืขืช ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื. ื”ืžืฉืžื•ืจืช ื”ื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ื—ืœืงื™ืช ืื• ืžืœืื”, ื›ืš ืฉืื—ื“ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื ื˜ืœ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“ ยป
ืคื˜ื™ืฉ ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ื–ื”ื‘
ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ
ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง

ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ืชื’ืจืฉ ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืงืฉื” ื”ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืชืœื‘ื˜ื•ื™ื•ืช. ืื—ืช ืžื”ื”ืชืœื‘ื˜ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื ืขื™ื ื•ืžืกื•ื‘ืš ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื. ืืš ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“ ยป
ืจื™ื‘ ืขืœ ืจื›ื•ืฉ
ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ
ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืกื›ื ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ

ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืคืจืง ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืชื’ืจืฉ. ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœื•ื, ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช. ืžืงืจื™ื ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืขื ืจืข, ื–ืืช

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“ ยป
ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ืฆื“ืง
ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ
ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืœื™ืš ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ – ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื ื”ืชื•ืคืขื”?

ื”ืœื™ืš ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืงืจื‘ ืžืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’, ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื• ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื“ื™ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ืจ ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื.ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ื”ืžื›ื•ืขืจืช ื”ื–ื•? ืœื”ืœืŸ

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“ ยป