ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ
ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ

ืื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœื™ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื?

ื‘ืฉื ืช 2015, ืžื“ื™ื ืช ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื—ื•ืง ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื’ื•ืจืฉื™ ืกืคืจื“ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœื™ืช, ืชื ืื™ ื”ืžืงื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืงืœื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช

ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ืช.

ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ื•ืฆืืชื ืื• ืืชื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื, ืžื”ื™ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื•ืžื”ื• ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆืืช ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ื’ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื?

ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืœืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœื™ืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ื‘ืื”.

 

ืžื™ ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœื™ืช?

ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉ"ื—ื•ืง ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื" ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ืจื—ื• ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืกืคืจื“ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ืžืจื•ืงื•, ื˜ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื”, ืืœื’'ื™ืจ, ื‘ื•ืœื’ืจื™ื”, ื‘ืœืจื•ืก, ืœื•ื‘, ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืกื•ืจื™ื”, ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ, ืืจื’ื ื˜ื™ื ื”, ื•ืื—ืจื•ืช – ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื›ืžื” ืชื ืื™ ืกืฃ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื:

  • ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืจ, ืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ 18.
  • ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™.
  • ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืขื“ืจ ืขื‘ืจ ืคืœื™ืœื™.
  • ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืื›ืŸ ืฆืืฆื ืœืžื’ื•ืจืฉื™ ืกืคืจื“ ื•ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœ.

 

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื?

ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœื™ ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช, ืืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœื™ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื, ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืขื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช, ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ 16:

ื™ืœื“ ืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ 18 ื™ืœื“ ืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ 16 ื™ืœื“ ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ 16
ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื”ืชืงืฃ ืœืฆืืฆืื™ ืžื’ื•ืจืฉื™ ืกืคืจื“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ – ื–ื”ื• ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื‘ื’ื™ืจ, ื‘ืœื™ ืงืฉืจ ืœืฉืืœื” ืื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื• ื™ืฉ ืื• ืื™ืŸ ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœื™ืช. ืื ืœื ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืœื›ื ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื” ื”ื™ื ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœื’ื™ืœ 18, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืื•ืจืš ื›ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœืœื ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ื•. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžืกื•ื‘ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื” ื•ื›ื”. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื–ื”, ื”ื”ื•ืจื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืชื”. ืจืง ืื—ืจ – ื›ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืœื“. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉืœื™ืœื“ื›ื ื™ืฉ ื–ื™ืงื” ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ืช ืœืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœ.

ย 

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื–ื™ืงื” ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ืช ืœืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœ?

ื”ื—ื•ืง ื‘ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœ ืœื ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžื”ื™ "ื–ื™ืงื” ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ืช ืœืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœ", ืืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื–ื™ืงื” ื›ื–ืืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ื–ื™ืช, ืื• ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœ. ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื’ื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืœื–ื™ืงื” ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ืช, ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื ื›ืก ืื• ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ืฉืœ ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœ.

 

ืžื“ื•ืข ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื?

ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ืช ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื (ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ื›ืžื• ืืจื”"ื‘). ื‘ืขืœื™ ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœื™ืช ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืžืก ืขืœ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ โ€“ ื›ืš, ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœื™ืช ืžืงื ื” ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืžืกื•ื‘ืกื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืื™ืจื•ืคื”. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœื™ืช ืœื™ืœื“ ืฉืœื›ื ื’ื ืžืงื ื” ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœื™ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื• ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ื•ืœื“ื•. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื’ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ื•ืœื“ื•.

ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœื™ืช ืžืงื ื” ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืžืก, ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืžืกื•ื‘ืกื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ 18, ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืคืฉื•ื˜. ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ 16 ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ื•ืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ 16 ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื–ื™ืงื” ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ืช ืœืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœ.

 

ืžืกืžืš ืžืขื‘ืจ

ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืš ื’ื

ืื–ืจื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื“ืจื›ื•ื ื™ื
ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”: ื›ืš ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคืชื•ื— ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ื“ืœืชื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ

ื—ื•ืœืžื™ื ืขืœ ืชื•ืืจ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ืช ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”? ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืงืกืคื•ืจื“, ืกื•ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ืื• ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื”ื™ื™ื“ืœื‘ืจื’, ืื‘ืœ ื ืชืงืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”, ื•ื™ื–ื•ืช ื•ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช. ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“ ยป
ืืคื•ืกื˜ื™ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืจื”
ืื–ืจื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื“ืจื›ื•ื ื™ื
ืžื” ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืคื•ืกื˜ื™ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืจื” ื•ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื”?

ื”ืืคื•ืกื˜ื™ืœ ืžืžืœื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ื•ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื”, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ื—ืœืง ืžืืžื ืช ื”ืื’ ืžืฉื ืช 1961. ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื™ืจื”, ืืคื•ืกื˜ื™ืœ ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืื™ืžื•ืช

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“ ยป
ืฉื ื™ ื“ืจื›ื•ื ื™ื
ืื–ืจื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื“ืจื›ื•ื ื™ื
ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืฆืืช ื•ื™ื–ื” ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืœื”ื•ื“ื•

ื”ื•ื“ื• ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืกื™ื” ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืœืช ื‘ืคืงื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ื ืคืืœ, ืกื™ืŸ, ื‘ื”ื•ื˜ืŸ, ื‘ื ื’ืœื“ืฉ ื•ืžื™ืื ืžืจ. ื”ื•ื“ื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืจื›ื– ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื•ืœืžื™, ืืœื™ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื—ื•ื•ืช

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“ ยป