ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ
ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ

ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื ืคื’ืขื™ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืื™ื‘ื”

ื ืคื’ืขื™ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื— ื—ื•ืง ื”ืชื’ืžื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืคื’ืขื™ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืื™ื‘ื”.

ืขื ื–ืืช ื”ื ื ืชืงืœื™ื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ื–ืืช.

ืžื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื ืคื’ืขื™ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืื™ื‘ื”.

ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื›ืืŸ.

 

ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ?

ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉื”ื—ื•ืง ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืจื—ื‘ ื•ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื ืคื’ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืื• ืขืงื™ืฃ ืžืคืขื•ืœืช ืื™ื‘ื”.

ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ื›ืœืœื™ื ืชื—ืช ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืคื’ืขื™ื ืžืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ ื™ืจื™, ื“ืงื™ืจื”, ืคื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืคื’ืขื™ื ืžื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืื• ื ืคื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืกืืžื™ื โ€“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื ืคื’ืขื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืคื’ืขื™ ื—ืจื“ื”.

ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื—ื•ืง ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื ืคืฉื™ืช โ€“ ื’ื ืขืœ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื ืคืฉื™ืช ืฉื ื’ืจืžื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ืื™ื‘ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื.

ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื โ€“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืชื—ืช ืื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืงืกืืžื™ื.

ื’ื ื ืคื’ืขื™ ื”ื—ืจื“ื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื–ืขืงื•ืช ื•ื™ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืœื™ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื ื›ื ืคื’ืขื™ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืื™ื‘ื” ืžื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืชื‘ื™ืขืชื ืชืชืงื‘ืœ.

 

ืžื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื ืคื’ืข ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืื™ื‘ื”?

ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉืœ "ืคืขื•ืœืช ืื™ื‘ื”" โ€“ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืชืชืืคืฉืจ ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื™ืฉ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื’ื ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื:

  1. ืชื•ืฉื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืคื’ืข ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืคื’ืข ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื”.
  2. ืื–ืจื— ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ โ€“ ืฉื ืคื’ืข ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื• ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ.

ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืง ืœืขื•ื“ ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื”:

 

ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื”

ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจ ื›ื ืคื’ืข ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืื™ื‘ื”, ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื›ืื™ ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืœืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื•ืข, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™.

ืœืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื™ืฉ ืœืฆืจืฃ ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืฉืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ืื™ื‘ื” ืืœื™ื• ื ืงืœืข ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข.

ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืืœื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืคื’ืข.

ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื‘ืŸ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื ืคื’ืข โ€“ ื ืคืฉื™ืช ืื• ืคื™ื–ื™ืช โ€“ ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื• ื ืืœืฆื™ื ืœื”ืคืกื™ื“ ื™ืžื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื™ื, ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืœื• ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช, ื•ืœื ืกื•ืข ืื™ืชื• ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื.

ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ื”ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืขืœ ื™ืžื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ื ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื•, ื”ื—ื–ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช, ืกื‘ืกื•ื“ ืžืงื•ื ืœื™ื ื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”.

ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื’ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ืžืื“.

 

ื ืคื’ืขื™ ื—ืจื“ื” โ€“ ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช

ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืขื™ื ืœื”ื ื”ื›ื™ ืงืฉื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ื›ื ืคื’ืขื™ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืื™ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื–ืืช ืืช ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื โ€“ ืืœื• ื ืคื’ืขื™ ื”ื—ืจื“ื”.

ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืขื“ื™ื ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ืื™ื‘ื”, ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ื ืคืฉื โ€“ ืœืงื• ื‘ื—ืจื“ื”, ื‘ืžื—ืœื” ื ืคืฉื™ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ื ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”.

ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืงื•ืฉื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืขืœ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื ืคืฉื™ืช ืžืืฉืจ ืขืœ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืช.

ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ืคื’ืขื™ ื—ืจื“ื” ืœื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืœื”ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœืžืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื ืคื’ืขื™ ื—ืจื“ื”:

  1. ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ืื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ โ€“ ื’ื ื ืคืฉื™.
  2. ืขืœ ื”ื ืคื’ืข ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืฉืœื ืœืฆืืช ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœื ื“ื•"ื— ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืžืจื•ืคื ืื• ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจ ืฉืžืคืจื˜ ื•ืžืื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื•ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ื ื–ืงื™ื ืฉื ื’ืจืžื• ืœื•, ื’ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื’ื ื‘ื ืคืฉ.
  3. ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืจื•ืข ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ืื• ื”ืคืฆืฆื” ืฉื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื ื’ืจืžื” ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” โ€“ ื’ื ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื—ืจื“ื”.
  4. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืืžื ื ื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืื“ื ื™ืชืœื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ ื—ืจื“ื” ืฉื ื’ืจืžื” ืœื• ืขืงื‘ ืžืกืคืจ ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืฆืฆื•ืช. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ื ื•ื˜ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชืœื•ื ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืจืฆืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืฆืฆื•ืช ืื• ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื. ืœื›ืŸ โ€“ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™ ื•ื ืคืฉื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชืœื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ ืื™ืจื•ืข ืžืกื•ื™ื ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื›ื™ ื”ืจื•ืคื ืื• ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจ ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืืช ื‘ื“ื•"ื— ื”ืจืคื•ืื™.

 

ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืื™ื‘ื”

ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืื™ื‘ื”, ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ื—ื•ืง ืœื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” โ€“ ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ื•ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืื‘ืœ.

 

ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™

ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื›ืจื” ื›ื ืคื’ืขื™ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืื™ื‘ื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืื™ื ื ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”.

ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืกืจื‘ื™ื ืœื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืคื’ืขื™ื ืœืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ื›ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืื™ื‘ื”.

ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืงืจื”, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืžื—ื” ื•ืžื ื•ืกื” ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืคื’ืขื™ ื—ืจื“ื” ื•ื›ืœืœ ื ืคื’ืขื™ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืื™ื‘ื”.

ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืžื™ืจ – ืขื•"ื“ ื•ื•ืชื™ืง ื•ืžื ื•ืกื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื™ืฉืžื— ืœืœื•ื•ืช ืืชื›ื ื•ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื›ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื›ื ืคื’ืขื™ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืื™ื‘ื” ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื›ื.

ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืžื•ื’ืฉ ืžื˜ืขื ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ืืชืจ – www.martindale.co.il.

ื ืจื•ืช ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ

ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืš ื’ื

ืžื”ื ื”ืขื•ื ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืชื‘ ืื™ืฉื•ื ืกื—ืจ ื‘ืกืžื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชื’ื•ื ืŸ
ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื“ื™ืŸ
ืžื”ื ื”ืขื•ื ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืชื‘ ืื™ืฉื•ื ืกื—ืจ ื‘ืกืžื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชื’ื•ื ืŸ?

ืขื‘ื™ืจืช ืกื—ืจ ื‘ืกืžื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœืื—ืช ืžื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืœืฆื™ื“ื” ืขื•ื ืฉื™ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื. ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื”ื—ื–ืงื” ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืขืฆืžื™, ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืคื—ื•ืชื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช, ืกื—ืจ ื‘ืกืžื™ื ื ืชืคืก

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“ ยป
ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื“ื™ืŸ
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ืจืื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืคืงืช ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืขืกืง ื•ืžื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื›ื?

ืคืชื—ืชื ืขืกืง ื—ื“ืฉ, ื”ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื, ื”ืœื•ื’ื• ืžืชื ื•ืกืก ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื•ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื–ืจื•ื. ื•ืื–… ืžื›ืชื‘ ืžื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื ื•ื—ืช ื‘ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ื“ื•ืืจ โ€“ "ื ื ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืขืกืง ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ".

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“ ยป
ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื“ื™ืŸ
ื”ื•ืืฉืžืชื ื‘ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื”? ื›ืš ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฆืขื“ ืื—ืจ ืฆืขื“

ืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื ื• ืœืชืคื•ืก ื›ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืจื™ืจื™ืช – ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื’ืข ืื—ื“. ืžืจื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช, ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงืฉื™ื ืื• ืื™-ื”ื‘ื ื” โ€“

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“ ยป
ืชืื•ื ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื“ื™ืŸ
ืชืื•ื ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” โ€“ ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืจื’ืข ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืขื“ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ื”ืžืœื

ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืŸ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืžืฆืขืจื™ื ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื ื–ืงื™ื ื’ื•ืคื ื™ื™ื, ื ืคืฉื™ื™ื ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืฆื™ืขื” ืงืœื” ืื• ื‘ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื—ืฉื•ื‘

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“ ยป
ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืฉื™ื ืชื” ืœื™ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื
ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื“ื™ืŸ
ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื™ื ื•ื‘ืกืงื™ โ€“ ืžื•ืžื—ื” ืœื”ืกื“ืจื™ ื—ื•ื‘

ืœืื•ืจืš ืฉื ื™ื ื ื™ื”ืœืชื™ ืขืกืง ืžืฆืœื™ื—, ืืš ื‘ืฉืœ ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉื•ืงืข ื‘ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื”ืŸ. ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืœื ื”ืคืกื™ืงื• ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ, ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“ ยป
ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“
ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื“ื™ืŸ
ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“

ื›ืฉืืžื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ืœื” ืขื•ื“ ืœืชืคืงื“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™, ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉืขืœื™ื™ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื” ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื–ื›ืื™ืช

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“ ยป
ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืš
ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื“ื™ืŸ
ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืš โ€“ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืœื—ื”

ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืืชื’ืจืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ื ืงืœืข ืœืžืฆื‘ ืจืคื•ืื™ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘, ืœื ืคืขื ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื ืืช ืขืฆืžื•

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“ ยป
ืžืชื™ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ
ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื“ื™ืŸ
ืžืชื™ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ?

ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ืื• ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืŸ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืื™ืชื” ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื, ืงืฆื™ื ื™ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ. ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืชื‘ื˜ืืช ืžื™ื“, ืืœื ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื™ื,

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“ ยป
ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™
ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื“ื™ืŸ
ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™

ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™, ื”ืคืš ืœืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“ ยป
ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื“ื™ืŸ
ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื“ื™ืŸ
ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ โ€“ ืขื•"ื“ ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื•ื™

ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ืžื” ืงื•ืฉื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉืžืœืื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”, ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ืชืงื ื•ืช, ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืขืกืงื”. ื›ืœ ื˜ืขื•ืช,

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“ ยป
ืœืžื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื”ืืŸ
ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื“ื™ืŸ
ืœืžื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื”ืืŸ?

ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ ืคื ื™ืชื™ ืœืขื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื”ืืŸ ืขื ืžืงืจื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื—ืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™. ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื–ืงื•ืง

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“ ยป
ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืœืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ื™ืช_ ืื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื•ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื”
ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื“ื™ืŸ
ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืœืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ื™ืช: ืื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื•ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื”?

ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ื™ืช ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื›ืœื™ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืจื‘ ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื ืคื’ืขื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืกืขื“ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื•ื‘ืข ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืื—ื“ ืื• ืžืกืคืจ ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ืฉืœ ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื. ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“ ยป